eng Non-Communicable Pediatric Diseases Research Center, Babol University of Medical Sciences, Babol, IR Iran Caspian Journal of Pediatrics 2423-4729 2383-3106 2019-09 5 2 353 357 article Zahra Akbarianrad Rad Zhr_akbarian@yahoo.com 1 Mahmoud Hajiahmadi hajiahmadi@yahoo.com 2 Mobina Verich Kazemi rohanresearch88@gmail.com 3 Zeynab Shafiapour CRDU.Rohan@mubabol.ac.ir 4 Mohsen Haghshenas Mojaveri matia.mojaveri@yahoo.com 5 Non-Communicable Pediatric Disease Research Center, Health Research Institute, Babol University of Medical Sciences, Babol, I. R. Iran Non-Communicable Pediatric Disease Research Center, Health Research Institute, Babol University of Medical Sciences, Babol, I. R. Iran. Student Research Committee, Babol University of Medical Sciences, Babol, I. R. Iran. Clinical Research Development Unite of Rouhani Hospital, Babol University of Medical Sciences, Babol, I. R. Iran. Non-Communicable Pediatric Disease Research Center, Health Research Institute, Babol University of Medical Sciences, Babol, I. R. Iran Background: The aim of this study was to determine the growth status of very low birth infant at corrected age of two years. Methods: This cross-sectional study was performed on all babies with birth weight ≤1500 gr without any congenital anomalies, genetic disturbance and chronic disease (e.g. cardiopulmonary insufficiency, cholestasis, malabsorption). They were called at corrected age 2 years, namely the calendar age by month + (40-gestational age by week). Their height, weight and head circumference were recorded and a nutritional check list was prepared. The values were entered into the WHO Standard Growth Curve Chart for male and female genders (CDC, November 2009) in the <10th, 10-49th, 50-89th and ≥90th percentiles. Results: Forty-three children with mean gestational age of 30.08±3.23 weeks and mean birth weight of 1163.95±240.77 g were studied. Thirteen cases (30.2%) in length, 10 cases (23.3%) in weight, 6 cases (14%) in head circumference and 17 cases (39.5%) in weight-for-height were below the 10th percentile. There was no significant difference between the sex, gestation age and the birth weight of these children below and above the 10th percentile (P<0.05). Conclusions: According to the findings of this study, about one-third of infants born ≤1500 grams were below 10th percentile for height, and nearly a quarter of them were under10th percentile for weight at corrected 2 years old. Therefore, their growth should be more accurately controlled by health care centers based on the growth curve in the first year and any problem case should be referred to specialized centers. http://caspianjp.ir/article-1-98-en.pdf Growth Premature Preterm Infant Very Low Birth Infant eng Non-Communicable Pediatric Diseases Research Center, Babol University of Medical Sciences, Babol, IR Iran Caspian Journal of Pediatrics 2423-4729 2383-3106 2019-09 5 2 358 361 article Ahmad Tamaddoni drtamaddoni@yahoo.com 1 Sedighe Norouzian norouzian88s@gmail.com 2 Ali Mohammadpour Mir alimmir41@gmail.com 3 Seyedmohamadreza Tabatabaie m.tabatabaie_dr@yahoo.com 4 Associated Professor of Pediatrics Hematology and Oncology, Non-Communicable Pediatric Diseases Research Center, Health Research Institute, Babol University of Medical Sciences, Babol, IR Iran. Resident of Pediatrics, Student Research Committee, Babol University of Medical Sciences, Babol, Iran. The Clinical Research Development Unit of Amirkola Children's Hospital, Babol University of Medical Sciences, Babol, IR Iran. The Clinical Research Development Unit of Amirkola Children's Hospital, Babol University of Medical Sciences, Babol, IR Iran. Background: Anaerobic, nonsporulating, Gram-positive bacteria groups called actinomyces organisms are responsible for the so called actinomycosis. This chronic disease is rare in children and has tendency to mimic many other diseases. It also has wide variety of manifestations and non-specific symptoms. As a result, it is difficult to diagnose before the biopsy and microscopic examination. Although infection may involve any organ in the body, the significant sites of actinomyces infection include cervicofacial, abdominal, pelvic and pulmonary tissues. Case report: Here, we describe one case of unusual presentation; an 11-year-old girl with a soft tissue mass in the left lower lateral chest wall which was finally diagnosed actinomycosis based on the pathological findings. Conclusions: Actinomycosis may rarely present with chest wall mass. http://caspianjp.ir/article-1-103-en.pdf Actinomyces Child Microscopic Examination Soft Tissue eng Non-Communicable Pediatric Diseases Research Center, Babol University of Medical Sciences, Babol, IR Iran Caspian Journal of Pediatrics 2423-4729 2383-3106 2019-09 5 2 362 363 article Sanaz Mehrabani mehrabanisanaz@gmail.com 1 Mohammad Reza Esmaeili Dooki esmaeilidooki@yahoo.com 2 Non-Communicable Pediatric Diseases Research Center, Health Research Institute, Babol University of Medical Sciences, Babol, IR Iran Non-Communicable Pediatric Diseases Research Center, Health Research Institute, Babol University of Medical Sciences, Babol, IR Iran Dear Editor, Hepatitis A virus (HAV) is a single-stranded RNA virus belonging to the Picornaviridae family that is the most common form of acute viral hepatitis worldwide with around 1.5 million clinical cases each year, but the rate is apparently ten folds higher because of underreporting [1, 2]. The clinical spectrum of HAV infection ranges from asymptomatic to sever hepatitis A [3]. Severe hepatic damage can lead to acute liver failure (fulminant hepatitis) and death in some subjects, which is strongly dependent on the age of the patients [4, 5]. In the last two decades, improved sanitary condition and hygiene practices among developing countries have led to reduced transmission of HAV, and this viral infection has shifted from childhood to adolescence with more severe and even life-threatening course [1, 6, 7]. Here, we aimed to report clinical and serological features of all cases of hepatitis A, hospitalized at Amirkola Children’s Hospital (North of Iran) from February 2009 to July 2019. During the 10-year period, 16 children aged 1-13 years old (7±3 years) were admitted with diagnosis of hepatitis A. Among them, 12 (75%) were male and 4 (25%) lived in rural areas. Glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase (G6PD) deficiency was observed in 31% [5] cases. History of contact with a person infected with hepatitis A and recent travelling were 31% [5] and 37% [6], respectively. In a study, HAV infection was more common in males than females [8], and another one found seroprevalence of HAV which was significantly lower in urban than rural populations (73.3% vs. 82.2%) [9]. More common symptoms were jaundice 93% (15), fever 81% (13), dark urine 81% (13), pale stools 81% (13), nausea and vomiting 62% (10), abdominal discomfort 62% (10) and less common symptoms included loss of appetite 25% (4), diarrhea 18% (3) and cough 6% (3). Mean± standard deviation of laboratory tests in study group revealed total bilirubin of 10±5 mg/dl, direct bilirubin 7.08±4.09 mg/dl, total protein 13±19 g/dl, albumin 5±7 g/dl, alkaline phosphatase of 886±409 IU/l, serum aspartate aminotransferase of 1268 ± 997 IU/l, alanine aminotransferase of 1546 ± 991 IU/l, prothrombin time of 13±2 second (s) and partial thromboplastin time of 43±12 s. Asymptomatic HAV infection has been observed in about 70% of children < 6 years old, in contrast, symptomatic infection is usually associated with jaundice and remarkably high levels of serum aminotransferases [3]. Fever, malaise, nausea, vomiting, abdominal discomfort, dark urine, and jaundice are typical symptoms of acute hepatitis A and myalgia, pruritus, diarrhea, arthralgia, and skin rash are less common symptoms. Biochemical tests have shown elevated total bilirubin (mean peak 7 mg/dl), alkaline phosphatase (mean peak 319 IU/l), serum aspartate aminotransferase of 1,754 IU/l, and alanine aminotransferase of 1,952 IU/l [3].   Among 16 children, fulminant hepatitis A occurred in one boy 5.5 years old with the history of febrile seizure and without the history of any chronic liver disease so that liver transplant was done for him, but post-transplant lymphoproliferative disorder (PTLD) developed and led to his death. In 0.01% of acute hepatitis A cases, fulminate hepatitis can occur with an estimated mortality rate of 60–80% [10]. Although hepatitis A infection is usually asymptomatic in children, acute liver failure due to the hepatitis A may occur in patients with preexisting chronic liver disease [2]. A study from Latin America indicated that the mean age of population with acute liver failure (ALF) was 5 years and 43% of them had acute HAV infection. The HAV was the main etiology of ALF in these patients [11] and other study from Argentina stated that 61% of children with ALF had hepatitis A infection [12]. A study of north of Iran mentioned that the anti-HAV antibody seroprevalence declined among children <15 years with and without chronic liver disease; so, it is important to employ preventative strategies against HAV in chronic liver diseases [2]. This study demonstrated that though during 10-year period, fulminate hepatitis occurred just for one child infected with hepatitis A, but this infection might lead to liver failure even in children without preexisting chronic liver disease; therefore, the preventative strategies against HAV should be planned in children population. So, universal vaccination plan for all children above one year old and health tips observation are recommended. http://caspianjp.ir/article-1-111-en.pdf - eng Non-Communicable Pediatric Diseases Research Center, Babol University of Medical Sciences, Babol, IR Iran Caspian Journal of Pediatrics 2423-4729 2383-3106 2019-09 5 2 364 369 article Leila Ansari Ardali ansliard@yahoo.com 1 Behnam Makvandi makvandi_b@yahoo.com 2 Parviz Asgari paskarii45@gmail.com 3 Alireza Heidari heidaria945@gmail.com 4 Department of Psychology, Ahvaz Branch, Islamic Azad University, Ahvaz, Iran. Department of Psychology, Ahvaz Branch, Islamic Azad University, Ahvaz, Iran. Department of Psychology, Ahvaz Branch, Islamic Azad University, Ahvaz, Iran. Department of Psychology, Ahvaz Branch, Islamic Azad University, Ahvaz, Iran. Background: Psychological well-being plays a critical role in treating mental disorders in mothers with special-needs children by providing healthy and normal living conditions. The present study aimed to investigate the relationship between spiritual intelligence and marital satisfaction with psychological well-being in mothers with special-needs children. Methods: The study was a descriptive correlational. The statistical population consisted of all mothers with special-needs children in Bojnourd city in 2019. The sample consisted of 210 mothers with special-needs children who were selected by purposive sampling and based on Cochranchr('39')s formula. The research instrument included Ryff Scales of Psychological Well-Being (SPWB), the Spiritual Intelligence Questionnaire, and ENRICH Marital Satisfaction Scale. Data were analyzed using the Pearson correlation coefficient and stepwise regression. Results: The research findings revealed a positive and significant relationship between spiritual intelligence and marital satisfaction with psychological well-being. Spiritual intelligence and marital satisfaction predicted 46% of the variance in the concerned mothers’ psychological well-being, and marital satisfaction had a greater contribution to the psychosocial well-being of mothers with special-needs children. Conclusion: The study findings further highlighted the significance of considering spiritual intelligence and marital satisfaction in psychological well-being; however, psychological well-being seems to be affected by other factors and their interactions. http://caspianjp.ir/article-1-124-en.pdf Child Health Satisfaction Spirituality Intelligence