en عمومى General پژوهشي Research <div style="text-align: justify;"><span style="font-size:14px;"><span style="font-family:Times New Roman;"><span style="line-height:14.0pt"><b><span style="color:#24a3a0">Background and Objective:</span></b> Attention deficit-hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) is often associated with difficulties in social and emotional relationships. This study aimed to investigate the effect of methylphenidate on theory of mind ability and facial emotion recognition in children with ADHD.</span><br> <span style="line-height:14.0pt"><b><span style="color:#24a3a0">Methods:</span></b> This was an interventional study. A total of 25, school-age children with ADHD were selected for this study at Roozbeh Hospital in Tehran, Iran in 2019. The method of diagnosing ADHD was using the semi-structured KSADS-PL interview, Conner&#39;s Parent Rating Scale, Raven&#39;s Progressive Intelligence Test, Happe Strange Stories Test, and Facial Emotion Recognition task. The children then took methylphenidate for 6 weeks and were reassessed using the mentioned instruments.</span><br> <span style="line-height:14.0pt"><b><span style="color:#24a3a0">Findings:</span></b> The mean age and IQ of the children in our study were 8.88&plusmn;1.47 years and 114.53&plusmn;11.91, respectively. After treatment, children showed significantly better performance in blocks of the Strange Stories Test, including mental state (p=0.05), physical (p=0.01), natural (p=0.01), and unlinked (p=0.02). A significant difference was observed in emotion recognition between pre- and post-treatment. After the intervention, children showed better accuracy in identifying angry (p=0.006), happy (p=0.022), and sad faces (p=0.002). The comparison of scores related to Conner&rsquo;s test after treatment with methylphenidate showed significant improvement in inattention (p= 0.002), hyperactivity (p= 0.008), and ADHD index (p= 0.005).</span><br> <span style="line-height:14.0pt"><b><span style="color:#24a3a0">Conclusion:</span></b> Methylphenidate can improve social cognition components, including theory of mind ability and emotion recognition in children with ADHD.</span></span></span></div> ADHD, Facial Emotion Recognition, Methylphenidate, Theory of Mind 0 0 http://caspianjp.ir/browse.php?a_code=A-10-259-2&slc_lang=en&sid=1 Mehdi Tehrani-Doost tehranid@sina.tums.ac.ir 10031947532846005089 10031947532846005089 No Research Center for Cognitive and Behavioral Sciences, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran Azar Mohammadzadeh a-mohammadzadeh@farabi.tums.ac.ir 10031947532846005090 10031947532846005090 No Research Center for Cognitive and Behavioral Sciences, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran Fatemeh Eslamdoust-Siahestalkhi fatemeh.eslamdoost@gmail.com 10031947532846005091 10031947532846005091 No Kavosh Cognitive Behavior Sciences and Addiction Research Center, Department of Psychiatry, School of Medicine, Guilan University of Medical Sciences, Rasht, Iran Maryam Zavar Mousavi Maryamzavarmousavi@gmail.com 10031947532846005092 10031947532846005092 Yes Kavosh Cognitive Behavior Sciences and Addiction Research Center, Department of Psychiatry, School of Medicine, Guilan University of Medical Sciences, Rasht, Iran