en تخصصي Special گزارش مورد case report <div style="text-align: justify;"><span style="font-size:14px;"><span style="font-family:Times New Roman;"><span style="color:#339999;"><strong>Background:</strong></span> Spontaneous pneumomediastinium (SPM) can be due to increased intrathoracic pressure. Its occurrence with Diabetic Ketoacidosis (DKA) is a very rare, but may be caused by severe vomiting or deep, rapid, and labored (Kussmaul) breathing.<br> <span style="color:#339999;"><strong>Case Report:</strong></span> The patient is a 15-year-old girl with a history of type 1 diabetes mellitus (T₁DM) who has been hospitalized due to nausea, severe vomiting, dyspnea, abdominal and chest pain. Based on physical examination and imaging (CXR and chest CT scan), pneumomediastinium (PM) was confirmed. The patient received conservative treatment for PM and treatment for DKA. The patient finally discharged after 5 days in a good general condition.<br> <span style="color:#339999;"><strong>Conclusion:</strong></span> SPM is a rare complication of DKA, usually with a good prognosis if diagnosed and treated timely.</span></span></div> Diabetic Ketoacidosis, Intrathoracic Pressure, Pneumomediastinum, Vomiting 523 527 http://caspianjp.ir/browse.php?a_code=A-10-59-5&slc_lang=en&sid=1 Masoud Kiani kianimasood@yahoo.com 10031947532846003659 10031947532846003659 No Non-Communicable Pediatric Diseases Research Center, Health Research Institute, Babol University of Medical Sciences, Babol, IR Iran. The Clinical Research Development Unit of Amirkola Children's Hospital, Babol University of Medical Sciences, Babol, IR Iran. Morteza Alijanpour m.alijanpour@yahoo.com 10031947532846003660 10031947532846003660 Yes Non-Communicable Pediatric Diseases Research Center, Health Research Institute, Babol University of Medical Sciences, Babol, IR Iran. The Clinical Research Development Unit of Amirkola Children's Hospital, Babol University of Medical Sciences, Babol, IR Iran. Maedeh Motadel maedehmotadel@gmail.com 10031947532846003661 10031947532846003661 No Student Research Committee, Babol University of Medical Sciences, Babol, Iran.