en عمومى General پژوهشي Research <div style="text-align: justify;"><span style="font-size:14px;"><span style="font-family:Times New Roman;"><span style="color:#006666;"><strong>Background and Objective:</strong></span> Neonatal jaundice is a common condition among neonates in the first few days of life and is a leading cause of admission among neonates. The aim of this study was to investigate the most common risk factors associated with severe neonatal hyperbilirubinemia (NNH) and short-term complications of the exchange transfusion (ET).<br> <span style="color:#006666;"><strong>Methods:</strong> </span>In this retrospective study, the medical records of newborns <28 days with severe hyperbilirubinemia who underwent ET during 2015-2018 were analyzed. Medical records and files were searched using the keyword &ldquo;exchange transfusion&rdquo;. The clinical and demographic characteristics of the study population as well as the short-term complications of ET were descriptively analyzed.<br> <span style="color:#006666;"><strong>Findings:</strong> </span>Totally, 74 newborns with the mean age of 5.6 &plusmn; 3.4 days were included in the current study. The baseline mean peak total serum bilirubin (TSB) was 25.8 &plusmn; 5.7 mg/dl.&nbsp; In neonates, the ABO incompatibility was the most frequent cause of severe hyperbilirubinemia requiring ET (54.1%), followed by sepsis (39.2%). Moreover, 57.7% of neonates developed complications secondary to ET. The most common complication was hyperglycemia (71.6%), followed by thrombocytopenia (48.6%).<br> <span style="color:#006666;"><strong>Conclusion:</strong> </span>Hemolysis and sepsis are common causes of NNH; therefore, the extensive screening and identification of the at-risk population can help decrease the incidence of severe NNH. Frequent monitoring of blood sugar and screening of thrombocytopenia before and after ET procedures are necessary to reduce adverse events.</span></span></div> Exchange, Indirect Hyperbilirubinemia, Neonatal Jaundice, Newborn 479 487 http://caspianjp.ir/browse.php?a_code=A-10-178-1&slc_lang=en&sid=1 Mahbod Kaveh Mahbodkaveh@yahoo.com 10031947532846002795 10031947532846002795 No neonatal-perinatal medicine Emmanuel Adutwum adutwumemma@gmail.com 10031947532846002796 10031947532846002796 No School of Medicine Mohammad Kaji Yazdi mkajiyazdi50@gmail.com 10031947532846002797 10031947532846002797 Yes Assistant Professor of Pediatric Hematology and Oncology, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran