en تخصصي Special پژوهشي Research <div style="text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family:Times New Roman;"><span style="font-size:14px;"><strong><em><span style="color:#009999;">Background:</span> </em></strong>Pneumomediastinum (PM) is caused by alveolar rapture. If air leak persists, subcutaneous emphysema occurs. The PM and subcutaneous emphysema have various etiologies. Common causes are respiratory tract infections and asthma exacerbations. Rarely, the PM occurs secondary to foreign body aspiration, and the life-threatening complications will occur without proper treatment.<br> <span style="color:#009999;"><strong><em>Case report:</em></strong> </span>we report a 2.5- year- old boy who was presented with cough, fever, neck swelling and respiratory distress to Amirkola Children&#39;s Hospital. On examination, he had subcutaneous emphysema (SCE) in neck and upper thorax. He had pneumomediastinum in radiography. The patient was treated with oxygen, antibiotic, and due to the suspicious history of foreign body aspiration he underwent bronchoscopy by which pieces of nuts removed from his right main bronchus.<br> <span style="color:#009999;"><strong><em>Conclusions:</em></strong></span> PM and SCE are rare presentations of foreign body aspiration and in such circumstances, the possibility of foreign body should be considered.</span></span></div> Child, Foreign Body Aspiration, Pneumomediastinum, Subcutsneous Emphysema 426 429 http://caspianjp.ir/browse.php?a_code=A-10-117-2&slc_lang=en&sid=1 Abbas Hadipour a.hadipour@yahoo.com 10031947532846002760 10031947532846002760 No The Clinical Research Development Unit of Amirkola Children's Hospital, Babol University of Medical Sciences, Babol, IR Iran Masoud Kiani kianimasood@yahoo.com 10031947532846002761 10031947532846002761 Yes Non-Communicable Pediatric Diseases Research Centers Health Research Insitute, Babol University of Medical Sciences, Babol, Iran